The present work concerns the processing and the investigation of aerogel composites based on TEMPO- Nanofibrillated celluse (TEMPO-NFC) and various smectite clays of different physic-chemical charcteristics. These clays are Na-stevensite (a natural clay), Na-MMT (K10, a commercial clay) and organomodified montmorillonite (I.34 TCN, a commercial clay), while the NFC used is a partially oxidized NFC following the process described in our previous work [1]. Different NFC / clay aerogels with various volume fractions of the NFC and Clays (NFC vol.%/ clay vol.% : 35/65, 50/50 and 65/35) are prepared by the lyophilization technique after mixing the corresponding suspensions of NFC and clay (see Figure1). These different aerogels were characterized by different characterization methods such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), specific surface characterization (by BET) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results of these characterizations made it possible to study the strength of the interactions between the NFC and the clays. Indeed, the strength of these interactions varies according to the type of clay and the Na-Smectite seems to have the strongest interactions with the NFC whereas the organomodified MMT seems to have the weakest.