Carpets are common indoor materials for floor decoration, which are widely used in commercial and civil occasions. Similar to most polymer materials, carpets are prone to burn, in consequence, it is urgent to carry out flame retardant treatment on carpets. In this paper, aluminum hydroxide and montmorillonite were used as flame retardants to modify the carboxylated styrene butadiene latex (XSBR) used in carpet structure. Results obtained from micro combustion calorimetry showed that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of XSBR loaded with 65 wt% aluminum hydroxide and 1.0 wt% montmorillonite was declined by approximately 85%, compared with that of neat XSBR. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the carpets coated with flame retardant XSBR was 27.8 %, while that of the carpets coated with neat XSBR was only 20.0 %, exhibiting a better flame retardancy. Meanwhile, after being washed 51 times, the flame tip height (Fs) and critical heat flux (CHF) of the carpets coated with flame retardant XSBR were 10 mm and 10.5 kW/m2, respectively, achieving B1 level, according to one Chinese standard, GB 8624.