A cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment for a pilot scale bio-based polyol production was carried out. Rapeseed, a renewable feedstock widely available in Northern Europe, was used as a bio-based feedstock. Life Cycle Inventories were built on up-to-date regionalized inventory for rapeseed production and experimental data for polyol synthesis were obtained from a pilot scale (50 L) reactor. Bio-based polyols were compared with the petrochemical counterpart. Life Cycle Assessment was performed using SimaPro 9.0 and impacts were evaluated with ReCiPe Endpoint and Midpoint methods and Cumulative Energy Demand. Within the proposed cradle-to-gate, Life Cycle Assessment a clear environmental benefits for bio-based polyols produced from rapeseed oil compared to petrochemical counterpart is shown. Rapeseed oil-based polyols showed lower Cumulative Energy Demand than the petrochemical polyol. The production of rapeseed oil polyols results in 55-68% less Non-Renewable Cumulative Energy Demand than needed for the petrochemical polyol synthesis. The bio-polyol production using rapeseed oil as a feedstock led to an important decrease in Green house gas emissions. It is possible to save 35 – 75% of Green house gas emissions depending on the chosen allocation method in the rapeseed oil mill stage and the polyol type. The results demonstrated that for bio-based rapeseed polyols around three quarters of the total impacts were to the Human Health damage category, followed by Ecosystems with ~ 20%, a minor impact to Resources damage category. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Regional Devel-opment Fund Contract No.1.1.1.5/ERANET/18/03, as part of the jointly funded European M-ERA.NET project Bio4Cryo: Development of Biobased Cryogenic Insulation Modified with Nanocrystalline Cellulose