In this study, Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets were obtained from Ti3AlC2 using a hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching method. Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets were modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then doped with Ce3+ as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. Silane-based coatings containing 1 wt. % doped and undoped Ti3C2 MXene were fabricated via a sol-gel method. The morphology and chemical structure of Ti3C2 MXene before and after surface modification and encapsulation of Ce3+ were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The active/self-healing corrosion protection performance of unfilled and filled silane-based coatings was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of artificial defects. The results of Ti3C2 MXene characterization showed that the extraction of Al nanolayers, amino-functionalization of Ti3C2 MXene, and encapsulation of Ce3+ were performed successfully. Moreover, the silane-based coating filled with Ce3+ doped Ti3C2 MXene showed enhanced active/self-healing corrosion protection performance compared to blank and Ti3C2 MXene filled silane-based coatings.