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pps proceeding
Symposium: S14 - Special: Recycling and Sustainable Polymers
Oral Presentation
 
 

From Waste to Raw Material – Material Recycling for Mixed Textiles

Holzer Clemens H. (1)*, Jenull Uta (1)

(1) Montanuniversitaet Leoben - Stmk - Austria

In the EU the legal requirements for recycling are getting tighter. This challenges the textile industry, since multi-material textiles have high growth rates, but make the material recycling more difficult. In order to save resources, ways to close the cycles from raw material to raw material have to be found. The objective of this project was the recycling of multi-material textiles. The big challenge was that the waste streams are not mechanically separable. Two waste streams were examined; both post industrial waste. The first one came from home textiles (e.g. towels) and consisted of ~50 % cotton and ~ 50 % PET fibers. The second waste stream came from a company producing technical textiles and consisted mostly of PA blends. For the separation of the PET-cotton mixture, the TU Vienna developed a process to break down the cotton with enzymes into sugar and leave the pure PET fibers. The PET fibers obtained from that process were analysed and based on that analysis the polymer was recondensated and processed to pellets. For the spinning the material has to have a high purity. Low-molecular impurities could outgas and thus disturb or even make the spinning process unstable. Furthermore, the molar mass should be very high and the molar mass distribution as narrow as possible. Fibers and yarn were produced and towels were woven on an industrial sized loom. So the loop was closed from the waste stream to the original product. The towels were tested according to the Oekotex standards and passed all tests. Materials, that were not suitable for spinning, were examined to determine what steps need to be taken to use them for injection moulding IM. After analysis, with the PA-waste parts were produced and they fulfilled all the high demands on the mechanical properties. The parts were tested accordingly to the relevant standards and showed adequate performance. The PA-waste stream from the project partners makes up to 120 t/y and can now be sold as a valuable recyclate with a performance meeting industrial standards! This project has won a major Austrian price for industrial cooperation projects.