Cartilage regeneration is one of the most promising next-generation tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Articular hyaline cartilage has many issues for deformation and damage, such as trauma, instability of the joint, arthritis, bone necrosis, excessive weight and degeneration with age-related changes. Hyaline cartilage has a very weak capacity for spontaneous repair because of the tissue lacking in blood vessel. Damage of hyaline cartilage caused by trauma is repaired with fibrocartilage, which is inferior in mechanical functions as compared to that of hyaline cartilage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effective enhancement of in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and mechanical properties, resulting in overcoming poor mechanical properties of the regenerative cartilage tissue. To examine the promising approaches, we have used hMSCs to examine in vitro chondrogenesis in the presence of NRL nanoparticles. Due to the difficulty in self-healing of cartilage injuries, the production of hyaline cartilage has been a very challenging topic in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we demonstrated that NRL nanoparticles act as a main component, which provides mechanically stable structure and the cartilage/NRL biocomposite provides a stiff surface of the hMSC spheroids in proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation.