pps proceeding - Abstract Preview
pps proceeding
Symposium: S01 - Additive manufacturing (3D printing)
Oral Presentation
 
 

A method to evaluate the process specific warpage for different polymers in the FDM process

Schumacher Christian (1)*, Schöppner Volker (1), Fels Camilla (1)

(1) Paderborn University - NRW - Germany

Additive manufacturing processes, like the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process, do not need tools and create parts directly out of the CAD-Data. In the FDM process, the semi-finished product, a wire of a thermoplastic polymer, is melted and forced through a nozzle. The continuous positioning of this nozzle allows the polymer to weld together strand by strand and layer by layer to produce a component. Because no mold is used in the FDM process no holding pressure can be generated, like in injection molding processes, in which the holding pressure is used to minimize the warpage of the part. In the FDM process the part is generated in an ambient pressure environment. Each strand cools down and shrinks separately. This causes residual stresses in the part that can lead to big warpages and a full stop of the process. This is a main reason that the material selection in the FDM process is restricted in comparison to conventional polymer processing technologies. In this paper the warpage of different polymers is quantified as a criteria to evaluate the processability of polymers in the FDM process. Due to the process principle the part properties in the FDM process are mainly influenced by the machine quality and the data processing. So it is difficult to test a material for FDM independently of the machine and the data processing. Considering these influences a custom-built specimen is created to test and quantify the warpage of different types of polyamide 6, blended and reinforced polyamide 6. Considering the experimentally investigated warpage the materials can be evaluated and the warpage can be referred to the shrinkage investigated in pvT measurements and the crystallinity investigated in DSC measurements. This proceeding allows the machine- and process-independent rating of the processability in terms of warpage for different materials. Among other criteria this is a necessary step to develop new materials with a good processability in the FDM-process.