Graphene typically refers to a monolayer of carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb crystal structure, which are one-atom thick of sp2 bonded carbon, thus yielding a two-dimensional array of carbon arranged in a hexagonal structure. Functionalising the carbon substrate with polymers includes the well known ‘grafting to’ and ‘grafting from’ approaches. The classical approach first involves aggressive oxidation of graphite according to the Hummers’ method leading to the formation of graphite oxide (GO). For example, we have demonstrated that the treatment of graphite oxide with organic alkoxy silanes (e.g., acryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and triethoxysilane-terminated PDMS) and radical initiators can lead to the derivatization of both the edge carboxyl and surface hydroxyl functional groups. Cellulose is a polysaccharide exhibiting excellent properties such as nontoxicity, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability so that can be used in the functionalization of graphene for potential applications in the areas of biocomposites, biomedical areas, and biosensors. In addition, Au nanoparticles are often employed in electronic materials, the detection of heavy metal ions, and catalysis. However, nanoparticles tend to aggregate when fabricated alone and therefore a supporting material is needed to grow and anchor the metal nanoparticles that is why GO has been used as a support material for many types of NPs including Au, Pd, Pt. Experiments reported here for cellulose assess the ethylenediamine nucleophilic addition onto carboxylic acid and epoxide groups located on the GO sheets’ surface. Then, chloro-cellulose and chitosan were grafted onto the formed amino-grafted graphite oxide sheets and doped by gold nanoparticles. In the case of chitosan the grafting procedure involves an amide linkage with GO. The powder electrical conductivity of the resulting materials were studied as a function of temperature.