Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional, and expandable matrices that are produced through chemical and/or physical crosslinking of certain polymers. In some cases, polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, and starch were used in hydrogel preparation. In this study, chemical modification of starch was carried out in order to improve the functionality of the compound. Epichlorohydrine and citric acid were used for crosslinking, respectively. Finally, polysaccharide hydrogels were prepared by chemical reaction of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate with modified starch and crosslinker. The structures of modified starch and polysaccharide hydrogels were established using FT-IR spectroscopy. The morphology and swelling behavior of hydrogels were studied. These polysaccharide hydrogels may have potential applications in the biodegradable superabsorbent polymer and controlled delivery of bioactive agents.