Aligned carbon nanofibers (CNF) have been fabricated by electrospinning technique. In order to fabricate aligned carbon nanofibers, the rotary collector’s speed was increased in electrospinning process for preparing elctrospun nanofibers. When the rpm of rotary collector’s speed was 2000, the CNF were well aligned. Also in order to increase the specific surface area of randomly oriented and aligned CNF which were conducted physical activation process with CO2. As the degree of alignment is increased, the surface area and electrical conductivity was increased from 537.7 to 542.2 m2/g and from 342.8 to 626.7 S/cm. The remarkably improved electrochemical performances of PANI-deposited ACNF electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge test, and electrochemical impedance analysis. Randomly oriented CNF showed poor supercapacitor, with a specific capacitance of 202.96 F/g at a 10 mV/scan rate. Aligned CNF exhibited the large surface area and high electrical conductivity, with a value of 165.09 F/g at a 10 mV/s scan rate, when using 1 M H2SO4 solution as the electrolyte. Keywords: supercapacitor, electrospinning, carbon nanofibers, alignment Acknowledgement This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no.: 2013M2B2A4041305 and 2013R1A2A2A04013913).