In rubber industry, clay has become an effective substitute for carbon black as a reinforcing material for rubber products. For better compatibility and dispersibility in rubber matrix, people have developed various methods focusing on the organic modification of clay. Normally, clay is treated with organic modifiers, such as polymers, stearic acid, ammonium salts and silane coupling agents before compounded with rubber. In our research work, a brief one-step method was developed. Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/bentonite (Bt) nanocomposites were successfully fabricated in NBR latex. A silane coupling agent, (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was used in the preparation. By MPTMS, Bt and NBR were chemically bonded. After dehydration, the nanocomposites were compounded with sulfur powder and other additives on a two-roll mill and then vulcanized by heating press. The outstanding tensile properties of the products were confirmed by tensile test. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were applied for the charaterization of the nanocomposites. The performances of the nanocomposites in thermal properties, tribology and rheology were also carried out with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), friction test machine and rotational rheometer, respectively. The results showed out that with our method, the performances of the rubber products were significantly improved compared to neat NBR rubber, which is promising in rubber industry in the future. Keywords: One-step method, nanocomposites, silane coupling agents.