Producing lignin fibers has been studied to replace the petroleum based precursors of the carbon fiber. In addition to its positive environmental effects, it also benefits economics of the industries which cannot take advantage of carbon fiber properties because of their high price. A large amount of lignin is annually produced as the byproduct of paper and growing cellulosic ethanol industry. Therefore, finding high value applications for this low cost, highly available material is getting more attention. Lignin is a biopolymer making about 15 – 30 % of the plant cell walls and has a high carbon yield upon carbonization. However, its processing is challenging due to its low molecular weight and also variations based on its origin and the method of separation from cellulose. In this study, alkali solutions of organosolv lignin with less than 1 wt/v% of poly (ethylene oxide) and varying concentrations of lignin were electrospun followed by carbonization. The carbonized fibers had a smooth surface with an average diameter of less than 1 m and the diameter could be controlled by the solution concentration. Different heating programs for carbonization were tested. The morphology of the fibers before and after each carbonization was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fibers specific surface area was measured by BET analysis. The effect of different heating procedures on the structure of the carbonized fibers was studied by Raman spectroscopy and that was correlated with physical properties such as thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity of a sample with amorphous carbon was 2.31 W/m.K. The electrospun lignin carbon fibers potentially have a large range of application such as in energy storage devices, and water or gas purification systems. Acknowledgements: The financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada for the Discovery grants individual (to Misra) and NSERC NCE AUTO21 to carry out this research is gratefully acknowledged.