Nowadays, the development of products from renewable raw material has been an important subject of interest for a great number of researchers. Poly(lactic acid) is versatile polymer, synthesized from renewable resources, biodegradable and biocompatible and that has been considered as stronger candidate to replace fossil-based polymers in many application. However, the PLA still has some shortcomings to be solved, such as low thermal resistance, rate crystallization, impact resistance and gas barrier properties. Thus, adding nanofiller can be an interesting method to extend and to improve the PLA properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the nanocalcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) and process parameters on the thermal and flow properties of PLA using a design of experiments (DOE)-2n Factorial with three center points. Three factors were studied: nano-CaCO3 content, temperature and mixer speed. All PLA/Nano-CaCO3 experiments were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), torque rheometry and melt flow index analysis (MFI). It was noticed that torque rheometry was affected by nano-CaCO3 content and it was also verified a synergism among the factors. The nanofiller content also affected crystallinity degree and flow behavior of nacomposites.