Over the past decade, polymer nanocomposites have attracted interest, both in the industry and in the academia. They often exhibit remarkable improvement in their properties when compared with pure polymer or conventional micro and macrocomposites using low levels of reinforcements, usually maximum of 5% in weight. The improvements mainly include mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. In recent literature, many studies show how the dispersion of layered compounds affects the properties of polymers; however, the majority of them has been focused on cationic exchangers 2:1 phillosilicates, such as montmorillonite. Other layered materials, such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and layered hydroxide salts (LHSs), although potentially interesting, have been less explored. These materials have great versatility with applications in many fields such as medical materials, stabilizing agents, and catalysts. In this work Polyamide 6 (PA6)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ bulk polymerization. LDH formed by zinc and aluminum (Zn:Al—molar ratio of 2:1) was prepared by coprecipitation method and intercalated with laurate anion (lauric acid). The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD demonstrated that synthesized nanocomposites in all compositions studied showed a high global dispersion of LDH in PA6, suggesting a possible exfoliation. The FTIR showed the combinations of LDH and PA6, attesting the existence of these two materials in the nanocomposites produced. The results of TGAs for synthesized nanocomposites presented an improvement in thermal stability when compared with pure PA6. This behavior and properties indicate application of the surfactant intercalated LDH reinforced PA6 in fields where thermal stability is an important characteristic.