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Essential Characteristics and the Importance of Polymeric NanoMaterials in Biological, BioMedical & Medical Applications in Modern-Day Health Delivery Systems

Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi ^(1)*, Adekoya G J ⁽²⁾, Fasiku Victoria O ⁽²⁾, Ibrahim Idowu David ⁽³⁾, Agboola Oluranti ⁽⁴⁾, Daramola O O ⁽⁵⁾, Olajide J L ⁽³⁾, Aramide B P ⁽³⁾, Folorunso O ⁽⁶⁾, Iroegbu A O ⁽¹⁾, Hamam Yskandar ⁽⁶⁾, Ray S S ⁽⁷⁾, Ogunbiyi O F ⁽³⁾, Adesina O T ⁽³⁾, Kupolati Williams Kehinde ⁽⁸⁾

⁽¹⁾ Tshwane University of Technology - Gauteng - SouthAfrica, ⁽²⁾ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kwazulu Natal - Durban - SouthAfrica, ⁽³⁾ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology - Gauteng - SouthAfrica, ⁽⁴⁾ Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University - Ota - Nigeria, ⁽⁵⁾ Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Akure - Nigeria, ⁽⁶⁾ Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology - Gauteng - SouthAfrica, ⁽⁷⁾ National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, CSIR - Gauteng - SouthAfrica, ⁽⁸⁾ Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology - Gauteng - SouthAfrica

Increasingly, polymeric nanomaterials and nanotechnology generally, are finding important roles with highly essential penetration into biological, biomedical and medical applications. Even though relatively young, the development and application of nanomaterials in healthcare, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields witnessed a phenomenal pace. Efforts in the development of new and effective medicines and procedures are no doubt, very tangible. Given the importance and significance of nanoscale functions of the biological components of living cells, the application of nanotechnology has been varied, in the medical fields, such as: in the treatment of chronic diseases, various types of cancer, antibacterial, oncology and cardiovascular medicine. In this regard, the use of polymeric nanomaterials cannot be, over emphasized. Polymeric nanomaterials play significant and necessary roles in bio-sensing, bio-imagining, bio-targeting, bio-marking and bio-recognition, biomedical and medical applications. Since their useful and indispensable characteristics are obvious and easily discernible, they are often used as precision and targeted drug delivery systems/carriers, tissue engineering and many other applications. The advancement into polymeric-based nanocomposites will further improve early-stage diagnosis and detection of disease, treatment and prevention of diseases. This article provides essential polymeric materials and methods or techniques used in developing various composite materials for medical and biomedical applications. In addition, the use of polymer-based composite for various human body parts will be discussed extensively.