Abstract Nowadays, the term biodegradable material is mainly called for industrial products that bring social progress, environmental protection and economic development. In this regard the growing effort to find environmentally more friendly solutions lead to the support of biodegradable materials as an alternative to non-biodegradable polymeric materials. The biobased polymers and biocomposites are attractive in terms of reducing ‘greenhouse’ gases, biodegradability and environmentally friendly. The present study involves determining the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradability of biobased aliphatic polyester such as polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), polylactic acid (PLA); blends based on biopolyester and thermoplastic starch; and natural fibre reinforced biocomposites on exposure to a controlled composting, soil burial and aqueous medium environment conditions. Mineralization results of CO2 emission evolved from test materials showed composting conditions provides a much more suitable environment for the biodegradation of bioplastics, blends and biocomposites where thermophilic bacteria and fungi involved compared to soil burial, aqueous medium conditions where mesophilic bacteria and fungi are predominant. Interestingly, the biocomposites showed higher rate of biodegradability compared to neat PBS, PLA, PHBV and starch based biopolymer blends. Moreover, the biodegradation behaviour of naturally occurring biopolymer lignin showed, slow rate of degradation compared to bioplastics and biocomposites, since lignin degradation normally undergoes by oxidative biodegradation, whereas PLA and PHBV undergo hydrolytic biodegradation. Present research suggests that incorporation of natural fibre into bioplastics can enhance the biodegradability of biocomposite materials. Key words: Biodegradability, Biopolymers, Biocomposites