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pps proceeding
Symposium: S02 - Bio-based and Biodegradable Polymers
Oral Presentation
 
 

Biobased pro-oxidant additive technology for packaging ecological solutions.

Gada Abongile (1)*, Muniyasamy Sudhakar (2), Hoyo Catherine (3), Hlangothi Percy (4), Melariri Paula (4), Bonner Jamie (3)

(1) Council for Scientific and Industrial research & Nelson Mandela University - Eastern Cape - SouthAfrica, (2) Council for Scientific and Industrial research & Nelson Mandela University - Gauteng - SouthAfrica, (3) North Carolina State University - North Carolina - USA, (4) Nelson Mandela University - Eastern Cape - SouthAfrica

Introduction: Dating back from the 1950s, the global production of petroleum-based plastics has continued to grow and is predicted to reach 355 Mton by 2020. After service life, single use plastic items will accumulate in natural environments if not properly managed as waste, and thus will persist in the environment to decades and decades of years due to their non-biodegradability. Materials and methods: In this study, two LDPE formulations 1% and 3% w/w biobased pro-oxidant additive were prepared by use of twin-screw melt extruder and later pelletized. The pelletized LDPE formulation was blown into a 25 -27 μm thick film using a melt blower machine. The LDPE (1% and 3%) test films together with PnP polyethylene films (control) were submitted to thermal oxidizing test conditions in a 70°C air ventilated oven and direct sunlight (photo oxidation) for a period of six months (180 days). The thermal and photo-oxidized LDPE film test samples were further subjected to biotic degradation tests in aqueous, soil and compost environments for varying periods of 180 days to 263 days in biodegradation evaluation studies. Most oxidation was obtained under thermal oxidizing conditions. Results and discussions: Obtained results revealed that oxidized samples underwent chemical modification by increase of carbonyl index and developments of new functional groups (FTIR and GC-MS). It was also revealed that oxidized samples underwent molecular weight decrease (GPC), transformed crystallinity degree (DSC), decrease in initial degradation temperature (TGA), heterogenous surface modifications (SEM) and bioassimilation by active microorganisms during soil, composts and aqueous biodegradation tests. Oxidized samples showed greater biodegradation in compost, followed by soil, and aqueous medium with H2O, CO2 and new cell biomass as end products. Conclusions: The facilitation of LDPE disintegration and subsequent biodegradation by use of biobased pro-oxidant additives was achieved.