pps proceeding - Abstract Preview
pps proceeding
Symposium: S05 - Polymer Fiber, Films, and Membranes
Keynote Presentation
 
 

Antistatic fibers for high-visibility workwear

Hufenus Rudolf (1)*

(1) Empa - St. Gallen - Switzerland

Safety workwear often requires the use of antistatic protection to prevent the build-up of static electricity and sparks which can be extremely dangerous in a work environment. In order to make synthetic fibers antistatic, electrically conducting materials like carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or metal powders are added to the fiber-forming polymer. To achieve conductivity, a polymer compound with 10 - 30 wt% of conductive additive is generally required, which leads to unwanted dark colors of the respective fibers. This reduces the visibility of luminous fabrics used for high-visibility workwear. To overcome this inherent problem, two approaches were taken. On one hand, alternative conductive additives with less light absorption were developed and evaluated. In the course of the study, a solvent-free method to in-situ synthesize metallic nanoparticles within a thermoplastic polymer was found. However, the achieved additive concentrations did not surpass the electrical percolation threshold. On the other hand, the conductive element was partially buried inside a dull side-by-side bicomponent fiber, in order to attenuate its unrequested dark color. The bicomponent approach, with antistatic compound as minor element, also helped in preventing a severe loss in tenacity of the melt-spun fibers, caused by a high additive loading. To achieve good electrical conductivity with considerably reduced carbon content, we manufactured a balanced polymer-polymer blend with carbon black in only one of the polymers. The concept worked well in the extrudate, but the conductivity was lost after melt-spinning the blend, most probably because the conductive part interconnected within the nonconductive polymer separated in the narrow die. Nevertheless, a bicomponent fiber with a specific resistance as low as 0.1 Ωm could be produced and applied in a fabric that fulfills the requirements regarding antistatic, luminance and flame retardancy of safety workwear.