Polymers are generally thermal insulators. Introducing thermally conductive inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix have been shown to be an effective way for forming composites which exhibit very good thermal properties. In addition, such composites are also able to retain the mechanical properties afforded by polymer matrix materials (e.g., excellent strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility). In this work, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) platelets are introduced into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix in order to form thermally conductive materials. These PVA/h-BN composites will take the form of fibers allowing for the fundamental understanding of their axial thermal behavior properties as a function of polymer and filler orientation. It is expected that the polymer matrix will provide mechanical strength, while the h-BN forms a thermally conductive network for the composite. PVA/h-BN composite fibers will be fabricated using a gel-spinning process and subsequently woven into fabrics to test thermal conductivity properties. Structure-property relationships in the PVA/h-BN composite fibers will be determined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermo-mechanical characterization. Individual fiber quality will also be correlated to the overall fabric properties to understand its thermal conductivity behavior. The results of this research will be presented.