Addition of nanoparticles into the matrix of polymers has led to the production of a countless number of polymeric nanocomposites of advanced properties that have found applications in various areas of science and technology, ranging from microelectronics and optoelectronics, to sensors and biomedical. Incorporation of nanoparticles (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxides, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), and metal nanoparticles) into polymers has enabled the development of polymeric materials with enhanced mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. One of the most promising nanoparticles for the production of advanced polymeric nanocomposites is BNNT. These relatively newly developed nanomaterials have become a subject of interest due to their special characteristics, such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, thermal stability, optical clarity, and radiation shielding. To take advantage of these properties of BNNTs as fillers in polymeric matrices, it is essential to achieve homogeneous distribution and dispersion of BNNT. Various factors can affect dispersion and distribution of BNNTs into a polymeric matrix, including their size, concentration, dispersion, distribution, orientation, surface properties, matrix and processing conditions. In this project, the effect of different melt mixing processing conditions on the morphology of BNNT throughout polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites will be also studied, characterized and analyzed to delve into the effects of the process-structure of PC/BNNT nanocomposites.