Extrusion-based additive manufacturing, also known as fused filament fabrication, is a versatile and popular additive manufacturing technology, which relies on the extrusion of thermoplastic filaments to produce a three-dimensional object in a layer-by-layer technique. So far only a limited number of commercial materials are available for this technology. Especially technologically relevant semi-crystalline polymers lack studies devoted to extrusion-based additive manufacturing. This work aims at extending the material database for extrusion-based additive manufacturing to polypropylene. In order to overcome the critical shrinkage and warpage issues of polyolefins, polypropylene was filled with the spherical filler expanded-perlite, a volcanic silicate found freely in nature. The impact of filler size and content as well as the addition of an amorphous polymer was studied for specific properties that are most relevant in connection with 3D-printing. A detailed analysis on the material’s shrinkage, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties was performed. Moreover, both the processability and the printability of the filaments were studied by means of industrial-scale extrusion and the printing of specific test specimens explicitly prone to warpage. In summary, a polypropylene compound containing small-sized expanded-perlite and amorphous polyolefins led to a well printable product that distinctly improved the warpage, shrinkage and mechanical properties. Thereby, our findings prove the successful application of semi-crystalline materials for extrusion-based additive manufacturing under appropriate conditions.