As a novel two-dimensional carbon-based filler, graphene has been widely used to mix with a lot of polymers. In this paper, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)/graphene nanocomposites and butadiene styrene rubber (SBR)/graphene nanocomposites were prepared by latex mixing method(ultrasonic dispersion, dry-coating and chemical reduction) and modified latex mixing method(chemical reduction first, then ultrasonic dispersion- high speed stirring ) respectively. The microstructures and properties of these two polymer/graphene nanocomposites were studied. Results are as follows: (1) Raman spectra analysis and TEM indicating the successful reduction of GO and none aggregation of graphene. XRD qualitative analysis shows that graphene can induce crystallization of PVDC. The water vapor barrier properties and conductivity of the PVDC/rGO nanocomposites were improved with the introduction of 2-D graphene.(2) TEM and XRD analysis showes the uniformly dispersion of graphene sheets in latex emulsion and composites.The thermal stability and wear resistance of the SBR composites were significantly improved with the introduction of graphene. The thermal decomposition temperature increased and the abrasion volume decreased.