Red phosphorus is an abundant and eco-friendly material, and also a particularly attractive anode material, which can react with three Li or Na atoms to form Li3P and Na3P compounds, giving a theoretical specific capacity of 2596 mAhg-1. However because of its electronic insulation, large volume changes during charging and discharging processes, the experimental capacity of red phosphorus is far from the theory value and dramatically fades after a few cycles. In order to overcome the poor cycling stability issue, mostly through forms a composite with conductive carbon. Here we report incorporation of a conducting polymer hydrogel into P-based anodes: the hydrogel is polymerized in-situ, resulting in a well-connected three dimensional network structure consisting of red phosphorus nanoparticles conformally coated by the conducting polymer. Such a hierarchical hydrogel framework combines multiple advantageous features, including a continuous electrically conductive polyaniline network, binding with the P surface through either the crosslinker hydrogen bonding with phytic acid or electrostatic interaction with the positively charged polymer, and porous space for volume expansion of P particles. The obtain viscous gel is bladed onto a copper foil current collector. This demonstrates that the in-situ polymerization of polyaniline hydrogel could be a novel and effective method to make binder free electrode which can be used as an ideal anode in lithium ion batteries or sodium ion batteries. Keywords: red phosphorus, hydrogel, in-situ polymerization, binder free electrode, energy storage This work is supported by 973 Project of China（2013CB934700）