The multiscale morphologies of the polymeric materials in the condensed state exhibit pronounced influences on the mechanical and physical properties of the polymers. For crystalline polymers, the crystalline structure and crystal orientation provide another most important key factor in regulating the property and/or even functionality of a polymer. Therefore, the study on the crystallization of semicrystalline polymers under various conditions is an everlasting research topic. The study on crystal growth of polymers on oriented substrate with unique crystallographic interaction is of particular interest from both practical and scientific points of view. It is now well documented that the existence of a foreign surface can alter the crystallization kinetics, as well as the resultant crystal structure and morphology of a polymer. This provides an efficient way for fabricating special structure with desired property or/and functionality of the polymeric materials. We here provide context as to how the crystal growth of polymers on oriented substrate and the influence of the substrate on the crystallization process and the resultant unique crystal structure and morphology of polymers. The advantages of surface-induced polymer crystallization to fabricate polymeric materials with improved property or enhanced efficiency will be described with some examples. 1. H. Zhou and S. Yan, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 214, 639 (2013). 2. H. Li and S. Yan, Macromolecules, 44, 417 (2011). 3. J. Zhang, Y. Duan, S. Yan, C. Yang, I. Takahashi, and Y. Ozaki, Macromolecules, 43, 5315 (2010). 4. H. Chang, J. Zhang, L. Li, Z. Wang, C. Yang, I. Takahashi, Y. Ozaki and S. Yan, Macromolecules, 43, 362 (2010). 5. S. Jiang, H. Qian, W. Liu, C. Wang, Z. Wang, S. Yan, and D. Zhu, Macromolecules, 42, 9321 (2009). 6. C. Yan, H. Li, J. Zhang, Y. Ozaki, A.C. Shi and S. Yan, Macromolecules, 39, 8041 (2006). 7. Y. Sun, H. Li, Y. Huang, E. Chen, L. Zhao, Z. Gan, S. Yan, Macromolecules, 38, 2739 (2005).