Technical biopolymers (i.e. polymers based on renewable resources or exhibiting biodegradability) are presently establishing their qualification as environmentally-friendly yet well-performing materials on the market. Market growth of this material class is predicted to be high (Source: European Bioplastics). Hence mechanical recycling of both the product after its service life and process waste (in-house recycling) will be of major interest in the near future as to elongate life time of biopolymers and thus provide sustainable use of resources. However, up to now for biopolymers almost no information about mechanical recyclability and aging due to repeated processing is available except for PLA. Hence mechanical recyclability of selected biopolymers including poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), bio poly(amide) (bio-PA), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) is investigated and evaluated systematically. Mechanical recycling is simulated by means of repeated extrusion. In principal, the investigated biopolymer grades exhibit a great potential for mechanical recycling. However processing affects (deteriorates) material and performance characteristics such as morphology, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. The detected effects vary between the different polymer grades and depend on individual chemical constitution and supramolecular characteristics. Distinct processing-structure-property relationships are established. These allow for systematic material optimization in terms of mechanical recyclability.